Free-Surface Hydraulics

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Free-Surface Hydraulics

info:
Free-Surface Hydraulics
J. Townson
Spon Press
1990
ISBN: 0046270094 0046270108
Pages: 228
PDF 6.08 MB

Free-Surface Hydraulics is a unified, pragmatic account of the water surface and its underlying mechanics. Based on the author's 30 years experience of research and teaching in civil engineering hydraulics, this text is designed to help students achieve a coherent understanding of a subject often obscured by empirical detail and unstructured approaches.

Contents

1. The free surface at rest.

* Hydrostatic pressure.
* Hydrostatic force calculation.
* Stability of floating objects.

2. Steady flows in channels.

* Flow energy and force in rectangular channels.
* Flow through other prismatic channels.
* Conduit resistance and steady free surface flow.
* Gradually varied flow.

3. Unsteady but kinematic flows.

* Exact solution for kinematic routing.
* Numerical method for level pool routing.
* Kinematic channel routing.

4. Shallow water transients.

* Equation of motions - the method of characteristics.
* Characteristics applied at a sluice gate.
* Non-rectangular sections.
* Numerical integration
* Attenuation caused by interpolation.
* Examples of numerical wave attenuation.
* Other boundary conditions.
* Discharge variation from uniform flow.
* Direct finite differences.
* Supercritical flow.
* The bore condition.
* Bore inception.
* Bore in a non-rectangular section.
* Bore generated by boundary displacement.
* Dam break flow.
* Roll waves.

5. Oscillatory water waves.

* Standing and progressive waves.
* The linearized wave equation.
* Seiche action in a harbour.
* Flow curvature.
* Airy's theory summarised.
* Results and limitations of Airy's theory.
* Refraction, reflection and diffraction.
* Breaking and waves of finite height.
* Wave height prediction from wind.
* Harmonic and dynamic theories of ocean tides.
* Simulation of shallow water waves in x-y-t space.

6. The partially free surface.

* Introduction and jet flows.
* Bubble and droplet mechanics.
* Air entrainment by free surface flows
* Long cavity flows
* Circulation, vorticity and the air-entraining vortex.




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