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Author: R. W. Cooke

Source: Géotechnique, Volume 36, Issue 2, 01 June 1986 , pages 169 –203

Paper Geotechnique

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Piled raft foundations on stiff clays — a contribution to design philosophy

[Image: 95614946277978640761.jpg]

Author(s): R. W. Cooke
Published By: Géotechnique, Volume 36, Issue 2
Published Year: 1986
DOI: 10.1680/geot.1986.36.2.169
Size: 2.47 MB
Quality: Scanner (OCR)
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Abstract: To design piled raft foundations on stiff clays with precision and economy it is necessary to know how the structural loads are transferred to the supporting soil by the components of the foundation and to understand the factors affecting the overall and differential settlements under working conditions. In cases where piles are essential from the viewpoint of stability it is important to know the distribution of pile loads and whether the raft contributes significantly to the total support. However, where a raft alone can provide adequate bearing capacity but may settle excessively the designer will not wish to include more piles than are necessary to control the settlements. This Paper attempts to bring together information on some of these aspects of design. It presents the results of model tests on unpiled rafts, free-standing piles and piled rafts of various sizes. These are used as a framework to which field measurements carried out by the Building Research Establishment and settlement observations made by workers elsewhere are related. The study suggests that at the same overall safety factors the settlements of structures on piled rafts are likely to be comparable with the settlements of structures on unpiled rafts of similar sizes. Since piled raft foundations are frequently employed because the settlements of unpiled rafts are considered to be excessive, the small settlements that structures on these foundations normally experience are probably due to the fact that the safety factors in practice are higher than those assumed in design. This, and empirical methods of assessing the contribution of the raft to the total support and of calculating the numbers of piles required for settlement reduction are discussed. The need for piles to be as long as possible in relation to the breadth of the foundation is demonstrated.

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