Civil Engineering Association

SEISMIC RETROFITTING WITH COST EFFECTIVENESS: STEEL BRACED FRAME, STEEL MOMENT FRAME, CONCRETE SHEAR WALL, CONCRETE MOMENT FRAME

Located in the heart of Los Angeles, USC is considered an earthquake prone zone, and
there is a vital imperative to ensure the safety of all students and faculties during such
an event. In order to prevent casualties, buildings must be checked and assured to
perform under design loads.
Under the current California Building Code (CBC), engineers must design all structural
members for new buildings to meet CBC 2010 standards. However, designing to simply
meet the standards cannot ensure the safety of the building and its occupants as seismic
loads in earthquakes cannot be predicted and can exceed building code expectations.
When retro‐fitting of existing buildings (designed under earlier, less stringent codes) is
considered, the CBC 2010 standards may be applied with the same caveat.
This study considers structural retrofit systems for existing buildings, taking into account
economic as well as structural factors. Two USC buildings, Waite Phillips Hall (WPH), a
12‐story classroom/office building, and Webb Tower (WTO), a 14‐story residential
building, were chosen as case‐studies to represent mid‐size buildings constructed in the
Los Angeles area. Four hypothetical structural systems for retrofit were studied: steel
braced frame, steel moment frame, concrete shear wall core, and concrete moment
frame systems. In accordance to design earthquake loads, the different systems’

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