<![CDATA[Civil Engineering Association

<![CDATA[Civil Engineering Association - ACI]]> https://forum.civilea.com/ Wed, 29 Apr 2026 08:30:41 +0000 MyBB <![CDATA[ACI 355.5: Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Systems in Concrete—Qualification Requireme]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58544.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 13:37:40 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58544.html ACI CODE-355.5-24: Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Systems in Concrete—Qualification Requirements and Commentary

This Code prescribes testing programs and evaluation requirements for post-installed reinforcing bars intended for use in concrete under the straight-bar development and splice length design provisions of ACI CODE-318. Testing and assessment criteria are provided for various conditions of use, including seismic loading, sustained loading, aggressive environments, and reduced and elevated temperatures. Criteria are provided for establishing the required characteristic bond strength, reductions for adverse conditions, and associated job-site quality control requirements.

Keywords:

post-installed reinforcing bars; qualification procedures.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI SPEC-548.14: Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortar]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58543.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 13:17:25 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58543.html ACI SPEC-548.14-25: Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortar (SI & IN-LB)

This Specification describes the work of repairing defects in hardened portland-cement concrete with an epoxy mortar. Included are controls for epoxy resin system labeling, storage, handling, surface evaluation and preparation, mixing and application, inspection, quality control, and testing..

Keywords:

adhesion to concrete; aggregate; concrete construction; epoxy; epoxy mortar; hardened concrete quality control; repairs; resurfacing.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI PRC-357.3: Design and Construction of Waterfront and Coastal Concrete Marine Stru]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58542.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 13:09:57 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58542.html ACI PRC-357.3-25: Design and Construction of Waterfront and Coastal Concrete Marine Structures

Waterfront and coastal concrete marine structures are exposed to severe environmental conditions for which concrete is ideally suited. These conditions include wind; waves, including seiches and tsunamis; ice and ship impact; abrasion and impact from floating debris; passing vessel effects; and seismic events. As many of these structures are pile-supported, the seismic loading can be critical and, therefore, a discussion of piles and their installation is included in this guide. Also provided are the measures that can be taken to minimize the undesirable effects of these environmental factors and reduce the potential for serious problems.

This guide also defines waterfront and coastal concrete marine structures, discusses materials that can be used to construct them, describes potential durability issues and how to mitigate them, and presents sustainability and serviceability requirements. Design loads, analysis techniques, design methodology, and construction considerations are also presented. Other topics include quality control (QC), above-water and below-water inspection of these structures, and repair of damaged structures. The materials, processes, QC measures, and inspections described in this guide should be tested, monitored, or performed as applicable only by qualified individuals holding the appropriate ACI certifications or equivalent.

Keywords:

construction procedures; durability; inspection; marine structures; materials; quality control; serviceability; structural analysis; structural design; sustainability

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI PRC-325.13-25: Concrete Overlays for Pavement Rehabilitation]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58541.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 13:03:26 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58541.html ACI PRC-325.13-25: Concrete Overlays for Pavement Rehabilitation—Report

This report provides information on the use of both bonded and unbonded concrete overlay solutions for the rehabilitation of concrete and asphalt pavements. Information is provided on the characteristics of each overlay type along with important design and construction considerations. Critical considerations are provided for the selection of the appropriate overlay type to meet the needs and condition of the project.

Keywords:

bonded; concrete overlay; construction; design; performance; rehabilitation; unbonded.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 225.2: Type IL Cements and Specification]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58540.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 12:56:32 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58540.html ACI PRC-225.2-25: Type IL Cements and Specifications—TechNote

Author(s)/Editor(s): ACI Committee 225| Format: PDF| Quality: Scanner| Year: 2025| pages: 4

Type IL (pronounced “one-el”) portland-limestone cements were introduced in ASTM C595/C595M and AASHTO M 240 standard specifications for blended cements in 2012. These cements contain between 5 and 15% limestone, compared to the 5% maximum limestone content of ASTM C150/AASHTO M 85 portland cements. Type IL cements perform comparably to portland cements and do so with up to 10% lower CO2 emissions per ton of cement. Although portland-limestone cements have been available in other parts of the world, the availability and adoption of these cements in practice have only recently become widespread in the United States (as of 2022) (Schexnayder 2022). Many specifiers may have limited experience in incorporating these cements into project specifications.

Keywords:

heat of hydration; high early strength; low-carbon concrete; mixture design; portland-limestone cements; specifications; sulfate resistance.

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Author(s)/Editor(s): ACI Committee 225| Format: PDF| Quality: Scanner| Year: 2025| pages: 4

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 548.17: Circular Precast Polymer-Concrete Manholes]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58539.html Sat, 06 Dec 2025 12:50:43 +0200 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58539.html ACI 548.17-25: Circular Precast Polymer-Concrete Manholes

This Specification provides requirements for circular precast polymer-concrete manholes for use in sanitary and storm sewer systems. It includes ordering information, minimum physical and chemical requirements for the polymer concrete mixture, criteria for designing the manhole components, manufacturing and quality control requirements, and documentation to certify the adequacy of the design.

Keywords:

absorption; chemical resistance; compressive strength; dimensional tolerances; design loads; polymer concrete; precast manhole; structural design.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 130.1 : Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of Cement-Based Products: State]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58515.html Sun, 17 Aug 2025 13:32:19 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58515.html ACI 130.1 : Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of Cement-Based Products: State of Practice and Path Forward

What are cement-based product Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and how are they used to support sustainability-related efforts?

Keywords:

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs); life cycle assessment (LCA); sustainability.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI PRC-440.14-25: Design of Circular Concrete-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubes]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58514.html Sun, 17 Aug 2025 13:25:16 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58514.html ACI PRC-440.14-25: Design of Circular Concrete-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubes

The circular concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) system is an alternative to traditional reinforced concrete structures. The pre-cured FRP tube, which comprises layers of engineered fibers oriented in different directions, provides a corrosion-resistant stay-in-place structural form to retain freshly cast concrete that speeds up construction while at the same time provides primary reinforcement in the two orthogonal directions instead of traditional longitudinal steel reinforcing bar, ties, and stirrups. Typical applications of CFFT include piles, columns, and poles used in building and bridge construction. The FRP tube provides confinement and environmental protection of the concrete core, increasing its strength, ductility, and durability, as well as protection of the minimum internal steel reinforcement. Due to the unique characteristics of CFFTs in which reinforcement in the orthogonal directions are integrated into one continuous membrane—namely, the tube—specific guidance on the design of members using this system is needed. This guide provides general information and background of CFFT technology, including applications and limitations, characteristics of circular FRP tubes, and the interface bond between tube and concrete. The guide provides provisions for design for flexure, axial load, shear, combined loading, connections, and a design approach aimed at mitigating the risk of accidental tube loss. This guide is based on the knowledge gained from experimental research, analytical work, and field applications of CFFTs.

Keywords:

bond; circular; concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tube (CFFT); confinement; connections; fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP); stay-in-place form; tube.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 221 : Use of Normalweight and Heavyweight Aggregates in Concrete]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58513.html Sun, 17 Aug 2025 12:03:52 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58513.html ACI PRC-221-25: Use of Normalweight and Heavyweight Aggregates in Concrete

This guide presents information on selection and use of normalweight and heavyweight aggregates in concrete. The selection and use of aggregates in concrete should be based on technical criteria as well as economic considerations and knowledge of types of aggregates generally available in the area of construction. The properties of aggregates and their processing and handling influence the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. The effectiveness of processing, stockpiling, and aggregate quality control procedures will affect batch-to-batch and day-to-day variation in the properties of concrete. Aggregates that do not comply with the specification requirements may be suitable for use if the properties of the concrete using these aggregates are acceptable, as per Chapter 6. Materials that can be recycled or produced from waste products are potential sources of concrete aggregates; however, special evaluation may be necessary.

Keywords:

alkali-silica reaction (ASR); attached mortar; characterization; durability; field performance; fresh concrete; hardened concrete; heavyweight aggregate; normalweight aggregate; quality control; recycled aggregate; specific gravity.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 311.7 : Inspection of Concrete Construction]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58511.html Sun, 17 Aug 2025 11:09:03 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58511.html ACI 311.7 -18: Inspection of Concrete Construction

| Size: 1.3 MB| Format: PDF| Quality: Scanner| Year: 2018

This reference specification covers quality assurance inspection services for preplacement, placement, and post-placement of concrete construction. This reference specification can be made applicable to a particular construction project by citing it in the inspection services contract. The specifier shall supplement the provisions of this reference specification as needed by specifying individual project requirements in the inspection services contract.

The materials, processes, quality control measures, and inspections described in this Specification should be tested, monitored, or performed as applicable only by individuals holding the appropriate ACI Certifications or equivalent.

Keywords:

accreditation; certification; concrete construction; inspection agency; placement; post-placement; preplacement; quality assurance; quality control; special inspections; specification.

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| Size: 1.3 MB| Format: PDF| Quality: Scanner| Year: 2018

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI/PCI 319: Structural Precast Concrete —Code Requirements and Commentary]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58504.html Sat, 19 Apr 2025 15:57:14 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58504.html ACI/PCI CODE-319-25: Structural Precast Concrete—Code Requirements and Commentary

The “Structural Precast Concrete—Code Requirements and Commentary” (“Code”) provides minimum requirements for the materials, design, and detailing of structural precast concrete buildings and, where applicable, nonbuilding structures. This Code was developed using a consensus process and addresses plant-produced and site-produced structural precast concrete that contains nonprestressed reinforcement or pretensioned reinforcement, or both. The Design Standard Committee of Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute was instrumental in the development of code provisions and commentary for this Code and whose efforts are gratefully acknowledged. Among the subjects covered are: design and construction for strength, serviceability, and durability; load combinations, load factors, and strength reduction factors; structural analysis methods; deflection limits; mechanical and adhesive anchoring to concrete; development and splicing of reinforcement; construction document information; field inspection and testing; and methods to evaluate the strength of existing structures.

This Code adheres to the chapter and section numbering of ACI CODE-318-25 and either cites or repeats applicable provisions from ACI CODE-318. Provisions that are identical to ACI CODE-318 and are repeated in this Code are denoted with an equal sign (“=”). Provisions that are applicable to precast concrete but are not repeated in the Code are denoted as “See ACI CODE-318.” Design and detailing requirements for structural systems or for individual members are presented in chapters devoted to those individual subjects, and the chapters are arranged in a manner that generally follows the process and chronology of design and construction. Information and procedures that are common to the design of multiple member types are located in utility chapters. Within chapters, the terms “out of scope” and “not applicable” are used for numbered section headings from ACI CODE-318 that are not covered by this Code, while the term “intentionally left blank” is used as a place holder to maintain consistency with section numbering in situations where ACI CODE-318 includes a numbered provision that is not also in this Code.

Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in a general building code, and it is in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code provisions cannot be included within the Code itself. The Commentary is provided for this purpose.

Some considerations of the committee in developing the Code are discussed in the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of provisions. Given the similarity in design requirements for structural concrete that is either cast-in-place or precast, the commentary explains the difference in application. The commentary also provides explanations regarding situations where use of both ACI CODE-318 and this Code is necessary. For instance, design of cast-in-place, nonprestressed concrete members or structures requires the use of ACI CODE-318 alone. Design of precast concrete structures requires the use of this Code and ACI CODE-318. Design of precast, post-tensioned concrete structures requires the use of applicable provisions of ACI CODE-318, ACI/PCI CODE-319, and ACI/PTI CODE-320. For provisions that specifically address post-tensioning and are generally not within the scope of precast concrete, this code references either ACI CODE-318 or ACI/PTI CODE-320, as applicable.

Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited, including PCI Standards and PCI or Tilt-up Concrete Association (TCA) design manuals, recommended practices, and reports.

Keywords:

beam-column frame; beams (supports); columns (supports); combined stress; composite construction (concrete to concrete); compressive strength; concrete; construction documents; construction joints; continuity (structural); contraction joints; cover; deep beams; deflections; earthquake-resistant structures; flexural strength; floors; inspection; isolation joints; joints (junctions); joists; lightweight concretes; load tests (structural); loads (forces); modulus of elasticity; moments; piles; precast concrete; prestressed concrete; pretensioned concrete; prestressing steels; quality control; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; roofs; serviceability; shear strength; spans; splicing; strength analysis; stresses; structural analysis; structural design; structural integrity; structural walls; T-beams; torsion; walls; welded wire reinforcement.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI SP-365: Modeling and Performance Assessment of Concrete Structures]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58503.html Sat, 19 Apr 2025 15:54:11 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58503.html ACI SP-365: Modeling and Performance Assessment of Concrete Structures

This Symposium Volume reports on the latest advancements related to the various facets of modeling and performance assessment of concrete structures. The volume contains 10 papers that were presented at the ACI Convention held in Toronto on April 1st, 2025. The symposium was dedicated to celebrate Prof. Frank J. Vecchio’s extraordinary research contributions and accomplishments in the development of behavioral models and analytical tools for the assessment of concrete structures.

The papers cover different aspects related to modeling and performance assessment of concrete structures including developments of the Modified Compression Field Theory, finite element modeling of punching shear in slabs, behavior and modeling of steel fiber reinforced concrete members subjected to torsion, modeling of concrete structures subjected to impact loading, behavior and modeling of slender walls, modeling of concrete frame elements, behavior and modeling of GFRP reinforced members, crack-based assessment of concrete structures, and advancements in modeling deterioration mechanisms and repaired concrete structures.

Sincere acknowledgements are extended to all authors, speakers and reviewers as well as to ACI staff for making this symposium a success.

Anca-Cristina Ferche, Editor

Vahid Sadeghian, Editor

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 563: Repair of Concrete in Buildings—Specification]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58502.html Sat, 19 Apr 2025 15:51:06 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58502.html ACI SPEC-563-25: Repair of Concrete in Buildings—Specification

This is a Reference Specification that the Architect/Engineer can apply to any construction repair and rehabilitation project involving structural concrete by citing it in the Project Specifications. Mandatory requirements and optional requirements checklists are provided to assist the Architect/Engineer in supplementing the provisions of this Specification, as required or needed, by designating or specifying individual project requirements. The first section covers general construction requirements for repair Work. The second section covers shoring and bracing of the structure or member to be repaired, and addresses sequencing of repair Work as the structure is unloaded and reloaded. The third section covers concrete removal and preparation of the concrete substrate for repair and defines common equipment and methods. The next five sections cover materials and proportioning of concrete; proprietary cementitious and polymer repair materials; reinforcement; production, placing, finishing, and curing of repair materials; formwork performance criteria and construction; treatment of joints; embedded items; repair of surface defects; mockups, and finishing of formed and unformed surfaces. New sections included in this edition of the Specification includes waterproofing cracks by chemical grout injection, architectural concrete repair, structural precast concrete repair, unbonded post-tensioned concrete repair, overlays, protective membranes, and cathodic protection by galvanic anodes. Provisions governing testing, evaluation, and acceptance of repair materials as well as acceptance of the repair Work are included. Sections 16, 17 and 18 incorporate by reference other ACI specifications into this ACI Standard: ACI SPEC-503.7 for crack repair by epoxy injection, ACI SPEC-506.2 for shotcrete, and ACI SPEC-440.12 for wet-layup FRP.

Keywords:

bracing; cold weather; compressive strength; consolidation; curing; durability; epoxy injection; finish; formwork; grouting; hot weather; inspection; joints; mockups; placing; precast; rehabilitation; repair; reshoring; shoring; shotcrete; slab; steel reinforcement; surface preparation; testing; tolerance; welded wire.

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI SP-364: Serviceability and Performance Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Structu]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58501.html Sat, 19 Apr 2025 15:42:54 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58501.html ACI SP-364: Serviceability and Performance Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Structures: Analysis, Design, and Construction

Serviceability is considered a critical factor in the management of concrete bridges and structures. Typical components for evaluating the serviceability limit state include cracking, deflection, and vibration. Additionally, to ensure the adequate performance of load-bearing members, proper evaluation methodologies should be adopted. Although numerous research projects have been undertaken to examine the serviceability and performance assessment of concrete bridges and structures, significant endeavors are still required to address unexplored challenges. Of interest are the development of simplified prediction and appraisal approaches; novel techniques for quantifying stress levels; serviceability criteria under unusual distress; and the characterization of structural responses when exposed to blast, wind, and seismic loadings. This Special Publication contains 11 papers selected from technical sessions held in the ACI Fall Convention in November 2024. The Editors wish to thank all contributing authors and anonymous reviewers for their rigorous efforts. The Editors also gratefully acknowledge Ms. Barbara Coleman at ACI for her knowledgeable guidance. Yail J. Kim, University of Colorado Denver, Editor Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Konkuk University, Editor

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]]> <![CDATA[ACI 365: Service Life Evaluation]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58500.html Sat, 19 Apr 2025 15:34:11 +0300 poolmand]]> https://forum.civilea.com/thread-58500.html ACI 365-24: Service Life Evaluation

This Design Specification provides minimum requirements for performing a service life evaluation as part of the design process for new structures and implementing the results of the evaluation into the construction phase. This Design Specification can be used as part of a design-bid-build project, a design-build project, or other project delivery options. The Design Specification is independent of the specific model or technique used to perform the service life evaluation. Although service life modeling is commonly used to evaluate chloride transport causing corrosion deterioration, the approach outlined in this Design Specification can be used for any deterioration mechanism that is capable of being modeled. The service life engineer performing the evaluation can either be the prime consultant or a subconsultant. A service life report is produced as part of this specification, documenting the service life evaluation, followed by a service life record report documenting the implementation into the new construction.

Keywords:

degradation mechanisms; deterministic modeling; durability; performance design; probabilistic modeling; quality control/quality assurance; service life prediction.

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