BIPS-01: Aging Infrastructure: Issues, Research, and Technology - Printable Version +- Civil Engineering Association (https://forum.civilea.com) +-- Forum: eBooks (https://forum.civilea.com/forum-63.html) +--- Forum: General Books (https://forum.civilea.com/forum-54.html) +--- Thread: BIPS-01: Aging Infrastructure: Issues, Research, and Technology (/thread-39582.html) |
BIPS-01: Aging Infrastructure: Issues, Research, and Technology - gulilero - 11-08-2012 BIPS-01: Aging Infrastructure: Issues, Research, and Technology Author: Homeland Security, Science and Technology | Size: 47 MB | Format: PDF | Quality: Original preprint | Publisher: Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate, Infrastructure | Year: December 2010 | pages: 492
BIPS 01 / December 2010 The papers in this chapter provide an overview of the state of our infrastructure, including the range of problems that exist, and future needs that must be met. Several papers discuss the relationship between age and failure, and there appears to be general agreement that, while aging is not in itself a failure mechanism, it is generally a contributor. “Whether age is used to prioritize infrastructure for rehabilitation or reconstruction will depend on how it has contributed to past condition and performance problems. There are various indications of infrastructure weaknesses and outages that are indicative of age, some of which are described below, but more research is needed to definitively associate these weaknesses. The ASCE (2009) report card for infrastructure cites the poor quality of infrastructure in the U.S., but it is difficult to separate out age as a factor.” (Zimmermann et al., Paper 2.2) “Age might not necessarily be directly indicative of vulnerability, but may suggest design practices that contribute to vulnerability. As discussed in more detail in the section on bridges below, during the 1950s and 1960s, a shift toward non-redundancy in bridge design led to inflexibilities that restricted alternatives when materials were weakened due to maintenance problems. Age has not affected flexibility in some infrastructures. For example, the NYC transit system which is decades old, showed considerable flexibility in being able to recover from the subway damages and shutdowns following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.” (Zimmermann et al., Paper 2.2) Issues of resiliency are introduced because the importance of a fully functioning infrastructure for the Nation’s economic health is critical. “Infrastructure robustness and resiliency represent interdependent qualities of system. Robust systems are inherently more resilient. Probabilistic approach to robustness and resiliency encompass all threats. As such, robust and resilient design represents a true independence from threat. “Remarkably, there is little common ground regarding the definition of robustness. A quick look at the dictionary reveals five variations of the adjective with three of those five including the word ‘strong’ or ‘strength.’ So, it is natural that engineers, when asked about the meaning of robustness, would reply with words like ‘strong,’ ‘resilient,’ and ‘redundant.’” Marjanishvili and Hinman, Paper 4.2) “Resiliency is the foundation of preparedness. A resilient society can withstand and/or recover from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and infrastructure failures. A resilient society can face the challenges of the upcoming decades. Resiliency goes hand-in-hand with capacity. As we improve our resiliency, we simultaneously improve reserve capacity and can design for future demand. Resiliency is a core component of quality of life, prosperity, competitiveness, and security.” (Erickson, Paper 2.4; also see Paper 4.2 by Marjanishvili and Hinman for discussion and definitions of resiliency and robustness) “The opportunities for America to improve its resiliency depend on, among other things, implementing new technological solutions. The scientific and engineering communities can infuse scientific approaches as well as new technologies into other ongoing programs. DHS S&T can contribute through modeling interdependencies, logistics modeling, modeling the intermodal operations, and demonstrating dual use.” (Erickson, Paper 2.4) The last decade has seen new issues and threats arise that the infrastructure of the future must come to terms with and incorporate in its technology and management to overcome and incorporate. “Infrastructure will be increasingly faced with threats that potentially compromise its integrity. This is supported by the increasing number of major federally declared disasters, increasing by about 2.7% per year between 1990 and 2005 and the fact that most of the major hurricanes have occurred since 2000… Terrorist attacks, likewise, have targeted infrastructure, particularly transportation… New initiatives in the way that infrastructure is designed can address both new public concerns such as sustainability and security and the problems of condition and performance to which age contributes.” (Zimmermann et al.) Code: *************************************** |