Civil Engineering Association

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Imperial College Press
Clifford F Bonnett
1-86094-515-5
Pages : 213
File Size :8.08 MB

In the new millennium, the transport of people and materials has an even greater significance world-wide than it had in the immediate past. The birth and evolution of railways during the last two centuries has had an normous influence on industrial,social and economic development.







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By Clifford F. Bonnett

* Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
* Number Of Pages: 207
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1860940129
* ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781860940125


Product Description:

This textbook is aimed at those who need to acquire a 'broad brush' appreciation of all the various engineering functions that are involved in planning, designing, constructing, operating and maintaining a railway system. An indication is given of the differences in these different disciplines between heavy rail, rapid transit and light rail operations.

This book is well illustrated with numerous examples taken from worldwide experience, both recent and earlier, showing how railways have evolved through this learning process. In addition, it indicates the likely trends for the future and the areas where more research and development is necessary.

Separate chapters are dedicated to the different parts of the railway infrastructure including stations, track, earthworks and bridges together with chapters on signaling, rolling stock and other mechanical equipment.

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PRACTICAL RAILWAY ENGINEERING 2nd Edition

Contents
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of Figures xix
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Early beginnings 1
1.2 Development and diversification 2
1.3 The customer 2
1.4 The operator 3
1.5 Overall planning 3
1.6 Choice of route and level 4
1.7 Resources required 5
2. Station Layout 7
2.1 The customer and the design process 7
2.2 The need for standards 8
2.3 The objectives in station planning 9
2.4 The concept of speed and flow 10
2.5 The consideration of time 10
2.6 Planning for normal operation 11
2.7 The demand matrix 12
2.8 Capacity requirements 15
2.9 Ticket halls 15
2.10 Access and interchange 18
xiii
xiv Practical Railway Engineering
2.11 Stairs, escalators and lifts 19
2.12 Platforms 20
2.13 Footbridges and subways 21
2.14 Station canopies 22
2.15 Access for disabled and mobility impaired passengers 22
2.16 The ‘downgraded’ station 24
2.17 Planning for hazards 25
2.18 Staff accommodation 25
2.19 Designing for maintenance 26
3. Rolling Stock 27
3.1 The definition of railway rolling stock 27
3.2 The range of railway rolling stock 28
3.3 The evolution of steam motive power 29
3.4 The advent of electric traction 32
3.5 Development of electric traction 33
3.6 Diesel traction 35
3.7 Evolution of wheel layout 36
3.8 Changes in locomotive maintenance practices 37
3.9 From passenger ‘carriages’ to the modern carbodies 38
3.10 Carbody structures 39
3.11 Main line train performance issues 41
3.12 Train performance issues on metros and light rail 41
3.13 Freight rolling stock 43
3.14 Specialised engineering rolling stock 44
3.15 Manufacturing methods 46
4. Depots and Workshops 47
4.1 Proper maintenance of rolling stock 47
4.2 Rolling stock maintenance considerations 48
4.3 Establishing a maintenance regime 48
4.4 Maintenance management 49
4.5 Balance between workshops and depots 50
4.6 Depot siting 50
4.7 The needs of the maintainer 52
4.8 Basic requirements for depots 53
4.9 Performance indicators and audit 55
Contents xv
5. Track 57
5.1 The origin and development of railway track 57
5.2 Basic components of track 58
5.3 Track ballast 59
5.4 Materials for track ballast 60
5.5 Sleeper functions 60
5.6 Timber sleepers 61
5.7 Prestressed concrete sleepers (monobloc) 62
5.8 Twin block sleepers 64
5.9 Steel sleepers 64
5.10 Rail fastenings, baseplates and pads 65
5.11 Rails 67
5.12 Rail wear 68
5.13 Desirability of removing rail joints 70
5.14 The introduction of track welding 70
5.15 Shop welding to produce long rails 71
5.16 Site welding to produce CWR 72
5.17 Stressing or ‘locking-up’ of CWR 73
5.18 Points, switches and crossings 74
5.19 Crossing design and manufacture 75
5.20 Points or turnouts 76
5.21 Driving, locking and detection of points 76
5.22 Conductor rails and components 77
5.23 Paved concrete track 78
5.24 Cast-in precast sleeper track 78
5.25 Floating slab track 79
5.26 Track installation and renewal 79
5.27 Day-to-day maintenance of track 79
6. Earthworks, Drainage and Fencing 83
6.1 Stability of earthworks 83
6.2 Short term considerations 84
6.3 Long term considerations 84
6.4 Slips 85
6.5 Detection of movement of earthworks 85
6.6 Dealing with embankment slips 86
6.7 Dealing with cutting slips 88
6.8 Drainage of the trackbed 89
xvi Practical Railway Engineering
6.9 Sand blankets 90
6.10 Side or ‘cess’ drains 91
6.11 Centre drains 92
6.12 Drain cleaning 92
6.13 Ineffective drains 93
6.14 Railway fencing 94
7. Bridges and Structures 95
7.1 Early railway structures and materials 95
7.2 Modern welded steelwork 97
7.3 Reinforced concrete structures 100
7.4 Prestressed concrete 102
7.5 Bridge reconstruction 104
7.6 Brick and masonry structures 106
7.7 Examination of structures 108
7.8 Structural maintenance 109
7.9 Strength assessment 110
8. Tunnels and Tunnelling 113
8.1 The history of tunnelling 113
8.2 ‘Cut-and-cover’ tunnels 114
8.3 The first tunnel shields 114
8.4 Modern tunnel shields 115
8.5 Differing ground conditions 116
8.6 Construction methods 117
8.7 Tunnel linings 118
8.8 Vertical and sloping shafts 119
8.9 Tunnel inspection and maintenance 120
9. Electrification 121
9.1 Electricity as a form of motive power 121
9.2 Generation of electricity 122
9.3 Railway electrification systems 122
9.4 The AC system connection of supply 123
9.5 The AC system feeder points 124
9.6 AC overhead equipment 125
9.7 Earthing on the AC system 126
9.8 Electrical interference 126
9.9 DC low voltage systems 127
Contents xvii
9.10 AC power distribution for DC systems 127
9.11 DC power distribution 128
9.12 The effects of electrification 129
9.13 Inspection and maintenance 129
10. Signalling and Train Control 131
10.1 The early history of railway signalling 131
10.2 Modern signalling principles 133
10.3 Track circuits 134
10.4 Point operation, locking and detection 134
10.5 Interlocking 135
10.6 Minimum headways 136
10.7 Home and distant signals 137
10.8 Subsidiary signals 137
10.9 Two aspect colour light signalling 138
10.10 Three aspect colour light signalling 139
10.11 Four aspect colour light signalling 140
10.12 Transmission based signalling 141
10.13 Proof of safety and safety standards 142
10.14 Protection against trains passing signals at danger 143
10.15 Signal protection at level crossings 145
11. Systems and Communications 147
11.1 Getting things done! 147
11.2 Human processes 148
11.3 Good feedback 148
11.4 Interface between operation and engineering 149
11.5 Interface between operator and user 150
11.6 The railway systems pyramid 150
11.7 The railway signalling system 151
11.8 The public address and information systems 152
11.9 Telephones and radio 154
11.10 Closed circuit television (CCTV) 156
11.11 Equipment operation and system maintenance 156
12. Lifts, Escalators and Pumps 159
12.1 Vertical transportation 159
12.2 The development of early lifts 159
12.3 The development of escalators 160
xviii Practical Railway Engineering
12.4 Passenger flow to and from escalators and lifts 161
12.5 Achievable flow rates for modern lifts 162
12.6 Flow rates on escalators 162
12.7 Types of escalators 163
12.8 Compact type escalators 164
12.9 Semi-compact type escalators 164
12.10 Heavy duty public service escalators 165
12.11 Typical HDPS escalator dimensions 166
12.12 Types of modern lift 166
12.13 Application of lift types 167
12.14 Safety risks and human factors 168
12.15 Inspection and maintenance 169
12.16 Pumps 170
13. Ventilation and Draught Relief 173
13.1 Is ventilation a problem on railways? 173
13.2 Movement of air 174
13.3 Deciding on exhaust or pressure 175
13.4 The ‘piston’ effect of trains on fans 176
13.5 Design and operation of tunnel fans 176
13.6 Smoke in tunnels 176
13.7 Draught relief 178
13.8 Maintenance and inspection of fans 179
13.9 Air conditioning 179
14. Future Trends 181
14.1 The engineering ‘full circle’ 181
14.2 The trend towards broader vision 183
14.3 The trend towards local accountability 183
14.4 Increasing use of information technology 184
14.5 Improved interchange between transport modes 184
14.6 A move towards designing for maintenance 185
14.7 Trends in comfort standards 185
15. Conclusion 187
15.1 Retrospect 187
15.2 Postscript 188
Subject Index 189

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