Civil Engineering Association

Basic GIS Coordinates 2nd Edition

Coordinates are critical to GIS (geographic information systems), cartography, and surveying. They are their foundation. Points, lines, and polygons form the geometry. Lines define the polygons, points define the lines, and coordinates define the points. So at bottom it is the coordinates that tie the real world to its electronic image in the computer. There are more than 1,000 horizontal geodetic datums and over 3,000 Cartesian coordinate systems, sanctioned by governments around the world and currently in use, to describe our planet electronically and on paper.

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