Civil Engineering Association

Counterfort Retaining Wall Design

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A retaining wall or retaining structure is used for maintaining the ground surfgaces at defrent elevations on either side of it. Whenever embankments are involed in construction ,retaining wall are usually necessary. In the construction of buildins having basements, retaining walls are mandatory. Similsrly in bridge work, the wing walls and abutments etc. are designed as retaining walls , to resist earth pressure along with superimposed loads. The material retained or supported by a retaining wall is called backfill lying above the horizontal plane at the elevation of the top of a wall is called the surcharge, and its inclination to horizontal is called the surcharge angle b

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Dear ALL,
If I may ask, Why are there so many "#REF!"s in the excel file. Any modifications required? Where should one start from in trying to rectify this file? Just in case, some one may upload the corrected version.

Thanks and regards

hmwere

3fan

hmwere